Category Archives: Grammar

How gerunds and infinitives work diagram.

Verbs Followed by Ing or to

I can still see the look on my student’s face last Tuesday—that specific, crushing moment of realization when they saw their essay score. They had the vocabulary of a scholar and the logic of a philosopher, yet they were bleeding points because they couldn’t decide between “suggest doing” and “suggest to do.” Most textbooks will

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How to use commas with relative clauses.

The Comma That Changes the Meaning

I was sitting in a quiet exam hall last Tuesday, the only sound the rhythmic scratching of pens, when I saw it again. A student—brilliant, clearly well-read—had just written a sentence that was technically grammatical but logically messy, losing marks simply because they didn’t know how to use commas with relative clauses correctly. It’s that

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Explaining how relative clauses work.

Defining and Non Defining Clauses

I was sitting in a cramped exam hall last Tuesday, watching a student stare at a blank page, when it hit me again. She wasn’t struggling with vocabulary or complex ideas; she was drowning because she couldn’t connect them. Most textbooks treat grammar like a math equation, giving you endless, dry diagrams to explain how

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Guide on how to use quantifiers.

Much, Many, Few and Little

I was sitting in a cramped, dimly lit exam hall last Tuesday, watching a student stare at a blank page, her pen hovering just inches from the paper. I could almost hear the internal gears grinding as she struggled with a simple sentence, paralyzed by the fear of choosing between much and many. It’s a

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How countable and uncountable nouns work.

Information Is Not Informations

I was sitting in a quiet corner of a lecture hall last Tuesday, watching a brilliant student—a professional with years of experience—stutter through a simple sentence about “advices” and “informations.” It wasn’t a lack of intelligence that tripped them up; it was a lack of habit. Most textbooks try to bury you in endless, abstract

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Guide on how to use zero article.

When No Article Is Correct

I was sitting in a quiet corner of a testing center last Tuesday, marking a stack of advanced level essays, when I saw it again. For the hundredth time, a brilliant student—someone who clearly understood complex sentence structures—lost three precious marks simply because they couldn’t grasp how to use zero article correctly. They wrote “the

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Guide on how to use the definite article.

When to Use the

I was sitting in a cramped exam hall last Tuesday, the air thick with the scent of stale coffee and nervous sweat, watching a student stare blankly at a writing prompt. She knew the vocabulary, she had the complex sentence structures, and her ideas were brilliant—but she was hemorrhaging marks because she simply didn’t know

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Explaining how articles work in grammar.

A, the and Nothing at All

I was sitting in a cramped classroom in Johannesburg last Tuesday, watching a student with a brilliant mind stare in total frustration at a practice paper. He had the vocabulary of a scholar, but he was hemorrhaging marks because he couldn’t grasp the simple logic of how articles work. It’s the same story I’ve seen

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Learning how to use modal perfects.

Should Have and Must Have

I was sitting in a cramped exam hall last Tuesday, the air thick with the smell of stale coffee and nervous sweat, watching a student stare blankly at a writing prompt. She was bright—highly intelligent, actually—but she was paralyzed by the same old confusion that plagues so many of my adult learners: how to use

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